The mitochondrial activity of hepatocytes in the circulation culture was 23% lower than that in the stationary culture after 2 days of culture. On the other hand, albumin production activity in the circulation culture after 2 days of culture was 1.4 times higher than that in the stationary culture. Albumin production activity per cell in the circulation culture was 1.9 times higher than that in the stationary culture after 2 days of culture. In addition, lidocaine metabolism rate per cell in the circulation culture was 1.3 times higher than that in the stationary culture. The lidocaine clearance of the circulation culture in our circulation-type

bioreactor was 1.3 times higher than that of the stationary culture. It was shown that this bioreactor is suitable for the expression of the liver-specific functions SYN-117 concentration of primary rat hepatocytes. Therefore, EPZ5676 cell line we can expect that this circulation-type bioreactor system will be a practical drug metabolism simulator. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The synthesis scheme for hexagonal shaped Fe-Co platelets with magnetic properties comparable to the bulk is reported for the first time. The hexagonal Fe-Co platelets with the size of about 8 mu m and an aspect ratio of about 5.4 were prepared by reducing the platelet shaped intermediate obtained in ethylene glycol-metal salts-sodium hydroxide system. The

saturation magnetization and coercivity of the Fe-Co hexagonal platelets obtained by reducing the solid intermediate at 673 K in hydrogen atmosphere were above 220 emu/g and 25 Oe, respectively. Since the use of such particles in high frequency applications demand further reduction in size and increment in aspect ratio, a synthesis scheme for particle morphology control was devised. The proposed synthesis scheme using nucleating agents clearly demonstrated that the shape, size, and aspect ratio of the platelets can be controlled freely. Consequently, platelets with elongated shape and thickness of about few hundred

nanometers were produced. Though further reduction in size and aspect ratio is demanded, the proposed synthesis Crenolanib nmr scheme holds promise for the development of Fe-Co platelet particles suitable for high frequency applications. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3348673]“
“RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) is an important regulatory event involved in repressive epigenetic modifications that can trigger transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). The criteria we used to pick out promoter sequences targeted by RdDM in Arabidopsis thaliana were the main RdDM hallmark properties: 24nt siRNAs as inducers of DNA methylation and transposable elements (TE) as one of the major targets of RdDM. Those genes whose promoters comprised overlapping sites for 24nt siRNA hits, TE and DNA methylation (siRNA/TE/Methylation overlapping regions), were defined as candidates that might be silenced by RdDM.