LOLA was administered at a dose of 20 g/day dissolved in 250 mL of 5% fructose solution and infused intravenously for a period of 4 hours during 7 consecutive days with a superimposed protein load at the end of the daily treatment period. Treatment was associated with a significant decrease in cerebral Selleck AZD5363 ammonia levels, which have been shown to be increased in subjects undergoing prolonged exercise [23]. Secher and colleagues (2008) reviewed the changes in cerebral

blood flow and metabolism, and suggested that ammonia accumulation played a likely role in the development of what is known as central fatigue [24]. The efficacy of both oral and parenteral LOLA was confirmed by randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in patients with manifest hepatic encephalopathy MI-503 cell line and hyperammonemia [25]. The drug was able to reduce high blood ammonia levels induced either by ammonium chloride Nutlin-3 supplier or protein ingestion or existing as a clinical complication of cirrhosis per se. Furthermore, LOLA improved performance in Number Connection Test-A as well as mental state gradation in patients with more advanced hepatic encephalopathy. Stauch et al (1998) found an improvement in cerebral ammonia levels compared to placebo using an oral dose of 6 gm per day [26]. In another

published trial, LOLA decreased protein breakdown and stimulated protein synthesis in muscle in patients with hepatic encephalopathy [27]. The therapy had minimal side effects, increasing with higher intravenously administered dosages, and was well-tolerated after oral and parenteral administration. It is unclear if these results are generalizable to a healthy population, but the encephalopathy studies show that LOLA clearly has beneficial effects on the central nervous system and could possibly have an effect on central fatigue. We acknowledge some limitations to the study. No females enrolled in the study, although some were approached for possible inclusion. The study group was small and homogenous, MTMR9 with a relatively tight age range, on the younger side of the eligibility criteria. No attempts

were made to identify the physiologic mechanism for any differences between the two groups. The study attempted to control for the use of other supplements during the study, but did not perform any testing to verify non-use of other supplements. Conclusions The use of SOmaxP four times per week for nine weeks resulted in statistically significant improvements in strength, muscle endurance, lean muscle mass, and percentage body fat versus a comparator with identical quantities of creatine, whey protein and carbohydrate. Given that the quantities of the core components were identical, and these components are presumed to contribute most to ergogenic effects, the differences between the SOmaxP and CP groups may be due to additive or synergistic effects of the proprietary ingredients in SOmaxP.