Future studies should examine if common underlying risk factors for addiction reflect a universal vulnerability to addictive behaviors, a broader susceptibility to externalizing behaviors, or a convergence of both. Substantiating or refuting a causal link between adolescent polysubstance use and high school non-completion necessitates further research utilizing more accurate substance use metrics. The 2023 PsycINFO database record is the exclusive property of the American Psychological Association.
Genetic and shared environmental factors accounted for the majority of the observed relationship between polysubstance use and early school dropout, with an absence of strong evidence for a potentially causal connection. Subsequent studies should delve into whether foundational shared risk factors imply a general predisposition to addiction, a broader vulnerability to externalizing behaviors, or a synthesis of these two. A causal relationship between adolescent poly-substance use and high school non-completion needs to be dismissed. This requires collecting more evidence using more precise measurements of substance use. Copyright 2023, all rights reserved to the American Psychological Association for this PsycINFO Database record.

Prior investigations combining findings on priming's influence on observable actions have failed to consider whether the effects and procedures of priming behavioral or non-behavioral concepts (e.g., triggering action through 'go' and eliciting religious ideas through 'church') differ, even though understanding these potential distinctions is essential for elucidating conceptual accessibility and resulting actions. Therefore, a meta-analytic review was performed on 351 studies (consisting of 224 reports and 862 effect sizes), examining incidental presentation of behavioral or non-behavioral primes, a neutral control group, and one or more behavioral outcomes. Using a random-effects approach with a correlated, hierarchical model and robust variance estimation (Pustejovsky & Tipton, 2021; Tanner-Smith et al., 2016), our findings showed a modest priming effect (d = 0.37), which persisted across various prime types (behavioral and non-behavioral) and methodological variations. Further, adjustments for publication and inclusion biases (e.g., sensitivity analyses from Mathur & VanderWeele, 2020; Vevea & Woods, 2005) did not alter the stability of this effect. While the research indicates that associative mechanisms account for the influence of both behavioral and non-behavioral priming cues, a reduction in the significance of a behavior diminished its effect solely when the primes were of a behavioral nature. These results affirm the probability that, even though both prime types activate associations prompting actions, behavioral reactions (as differentiated from other responses) are preferentially engaged. Primes that do not involve behavior might facilitate a more pronounced effect of goals on the primes' influence. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved.

High-entropy materials offer a compelling approach to the creation of high-activity (electro)catalysts, capitalizing on the inherent tunability and coexistence of multiple potential active sites, thereby potentially enabling the use of earth-abundant catalyst materials for environmentally friendly electrochemical energy storage. The multication composition within high-entropy perovskite oxides (HEOs) is explored in this report for its contribution to high catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a key rate-limiting half-reaction across diverse electrochemical energy conversion technologies, encompassing green hydrogen generation. Comparing the facet activity of the (001) facet of LaCr02Mn02Fe02Co02Ni02O3- to the activity of its parent compounds, each with a single B-site element in their ABO3 perovskite structure, is performed. selleck chemicals llc Despite the consistent volcano-type activity trends observed in single B-site perovskites, the HEO exhibits a remarkably superior performance, boasting current densities 17 to 680 times greater than its parent compounds under identical overpotential conditions. Since each sample was cultivated as an epitaxial layer, our findings reveal an inherent link between composition and function, thereby sidestepping the impact of intricate geometries or uncertain surface compositions. X-ray photoemission studies, performed in-depth, demonstrate a synergistic interplay between oxidation and reduction of various transition metal cations during the adsorption of reaction intermediates. HEOs' surprisingly impressive OER activity positions them as a highly attractive, readily available material class for high-activity OER electrocatalysts, potentially allowing for fine-tuning of activity beyond the scaling limitations of mono- or bimetallic oxide electrocatalysts.

The personal and professional journeys that motivated my research on active bystandership are recounted in this article. Through my own research and that of many others, we have sought to understand the roots of active bystandership, examining the factors that motivate intervention to prevent harm, as well as those that lead to inaction. In essence, we've shown that active bystandership is a skill that can be acquired through education and practice. literature and medicine By receiving active bystander training, people are more capable of conquering the impediments and obstacles that prevent intervention. Organizations establishing a culture of value and protection for bystanders cultivate a proactive environment where individuals are more likely to intervene and stop harm. Beyond that, a culture of active bystander involvement promotes empathy. Zn biofortification These learned insights have found practical application in various locales, extending from the challenges of Rwanda to the cosmopolitan spirit of Amsterdam, to the historical depth of Massachusetts, addressing issues as profound as genocide. This PsycINFO database record, copyrighted by the American Psychological Association in 2023, holds exclusive rights.

Assessments of self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) demonstrate a robust inverse relationship with self-reported interpersonal relationship functioning. Nevertheless, the impact of each partner's individually perceived post-traumatic stress disorder on the other's assessment of their relational dynamics is not fully understood. This investigation examined the interconnections between self-reported and partner-assessed PTSD severity, alongside relationship functioning appraisals, within a sample of 104 PTSD couples. Furthermore, it probed whether exposure to the primary trauma, gender, and the nature of the relationship (intimate versus non-intimate) influenced these connections. PTSD severity, as evaluated by each partner, was uniquely and positively linked to their own and their partner's perceptions of relationship conflict, but not to evaluations of relationship support or relational depth. Women's subjective PTSD severity displayed a positive correlation with their partners' subjective relationship conflict, while men's severity showed no such association, highlighting a gender-moderated partner effect. The relationship support variable demonstrated a statistically significant interaction between the actor's effect and relationship type (intimate/non-intimate). This interaction revealed a negative relationship between perceived PTSD severity and relationship support perceptions for intimate dyads, yet no such relationship was observed for non-intimate dyads. Results point towards a dyadic model of PTSD, demonstrating that the perception of symptoms by both partners significantly influences relationship efficacy. Conjoint therapeutic approaches may exhibit remarkable efficacy in addressing both PTSD and relational well-being. This PsycINFO database record, issued by the APA in 2023, is fully protected by copyright.

Trauma-informed care has established itself as an indispensable element in competent psychological services. The crucial role of comprehending trauma and its effective therapeutic approaches for clinical psychologists newly joining the profession is undeniable, as interaction with individuals who have undergone trauma is an inherent and frequent part of the job.
A central focus of this study was to quantify accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs that incorporate trauma-informed theory and intervention within their curriculum.
To evaluate their inclusion of trauma-informed care courses, a survey targeted clinical psychology programs holding accreditation from the American Psychological Association. Online program information was first examined, revealing no clear program details. Consequently, survey inquiries were dispatched to the Program Chair and/or Directors of Clinical Training.
The survey process encompassed 254 APA-accredited programs, with 193 of those programs contributing data. Just nine of the individuals (five percent) will require a course on trauma-informed care strategies. Five of the programs were PhDs, and four were PsyDs. A total of 202 (8%) graduating doctoral students were expected to take a trauma-informed care course.
Common exposure to traumatic events significantly contributes to the development of psychological illnesses and has a substantial impact on overall physical and emotional health. Consequently, clinical psychologists should be equipped with a comprehensive understanding of trauma exposure and its treatment. Yet, a limited number of doctoral candidates were obliged to incorporate a course on this particular topic into their graduate studies. The American Psychological Association, 2023, holds all rights to the PsycInfo Database Record.
Trauma exposure is a prevalent factor, significantly influencing the development of psychological disorders and impacting overall physical and emotional health. Accordingly, a foundational knowledge of trauma's effects and the methods for its treatment should be a cornerstone of clinical psychology training. Although a minority, graduating doctoral students are bound by requirement to include a course on this subject in their graduate program. Ten unique sentences, structurally dissimilar to the original, but holding the same core meaning, are expected within this JSON schema.