These carotenoids Temsirolimus solubility dmso are of high commercial value as dyes in food and as nutraceuticals. The open reading frame (ORF) of CzlcyB encoded a polypeptide of 546 amino acids. A single copy of CzlcyB has been found in C. zofingiensis. The chararacteristic Rossmann or dinucleotide binding fold, present in most lycopene cyclases, has been also identified in the LCYb of C. zofingiensis (CzLCYb).

Heterologous genetic complementation in Escherichia coli showed the ability of the predicted protein to cycle both lycopene and δ-carotene. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that the deduced protein forms a cluster with the rest of the lycopene β-cyclases (LCYb) of the chlorophycean microalgae studied, being very closely related to LCYb of plants. Transcript levels of CzlcyB were increased

under nitrogen deprivation, but no increase was observed under high-light conditions. However, high irradiance triggered astaxanthin synthesis, while INCB018424 nitrogen deprivation by itself could not induce it. The combination of high irradiance and nitrogen deprivation led to a significant enhancement of the astaxathin accumulation. “
“Accurate gene quantification depends on the use of an appropriate internal control gene, which should be verified before its use for normalizing data. Housekeeping genes, which are expressed at relatively constant levels, are generally regarded as candidate internal control genes. To determine the ideal internal control for gene expression profiles for Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) at different life-history stages, we used absolute quantification to assess the expression levels of six housekeeping genes (18S ribosomal RNA, 30S ribosomal protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, elongation factor 3, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tubulin) at the sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Housekeeping genes were selected by comparing the differences of observed copy numbers in sporophytes and in gametophytes. TubB (beta-tubulin)

was found to be the optimal internal control gene, because it showed the smallest difference of gene expression. Compared with TubB, other housekeeping genes had greater buy 5-Fluoracil variation of expression to different degrees. “
“The short-term and long-term effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis and respiration were examined in cultures of the marine brown macroalga Hizikia fusiformis (Harv.) Okamura grown under ambient (375 μL · L−1) and elevated (700 μL · L−1) CO2 concentrations and at low and high N availability. Short-term exposure to CO2 enrichment stimulated photosynthesis, and this stimulation was maintained with prolonged growth at elevated CO2, regardless of the N levels in culture, indicating no down-regulation of photosynthesis with prolonged growth at elevated CO2. However, the photosynthetic rate of low-N-grown H.