The gradual spread of this quarantine disease in Mauritius has warranted a study of the population of the pathogen. The epidemiological and ecological groupings of R. solanacearum

isolated from outbreaks in Mauritius from 2005 to 2008 were examined following a study of their genetic relatedness by PCR-based marker amplified with REP and IS1112 PCR primers. The band-based genomic fingerprint data clustered strains in two major groups B and C, and one minor group A. Group B comprised exclusively of strains that caused the outbreaks in 2008 and appeared to originate from a different clonal lineage from strains clustered in groups A and C. LEE011 Nucleotide polymorphisms within each group and shared Y-27632 markers suggest that group B strains could represent a novel introduction of the pathogen compared to the initial population of strains responsible for the outbreaks in 2005 and 2006. The clustering of strains isolated from imported ware potatoes obtained from the local market support the hypothesis that this could be a source of entry of the pathogen in Mauritius. “
“Transposons and infection of fungal strains with mycoviruses can have significant effects on distinctive phenotypic traits of phytopathogenic

fungi such as mycelial growth and sporulation, pathogenicity or fungicide resistance. Two transposable elements (TE), Boty and Flipper, are known to be associated with the ubiquitous fungus Botrytis cinerea. In addition, the presence of two types of ssRNAsRNA viruses, BVX and BVF, has been reported

in B. cinerea. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of B. cinerea isolates, all sampled within a small-sized German viticultural area (‘Rheingau’) by examining and classifying them according to the presence of TEs and mycoviruses. A subset of the isolates was further analysed with microsatellite markers to determine the origin of particular isolates with or without one or both mycoviruses. Virtually all isolates (98%) sampled in two different years (2008 and 2010) were screened positive 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 for the presence of a transposon. Presence of one or both B. cinerea mycoviruses was confirmed for 37% of the analysed isolates sampled in 2010, representing the first record of B. cinerea mycoviruses in German isolates. Assignment on individual B. cinerea isolates to different genetic groups was independent of the presence or absence of a mycovirus or a transposable element, respectively. Furthermore, we found no correlation between the presence of either a mycovirus or a transposable element and different viticultural management practices, soil properties or levels of nitrogen fertilization applied to the respective vineyards. However, mycelial growth of B. cinerea strains containing mycovirus BVF was significantly reduced at lower temperatures.