The gene was also amplified with primers including Gateway attachment sites allowing the gene to be introduced into the yeast expression vector pYES-Dest52 by homologous

recombination. The protein was expressed in E. coli DH5α cells (New England Biolabs, Frankfurt, Germany) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN-PK2-1 cells (EUROSCARF, Frankfurt, German) at 28 °C. Deletion variant 0021_TS_1762_del and intron1 random variants (primers listed in Table S3) were created by whole-plasmid PCR using pTrcHIS2-1762cosyn as the template with Herculase® II Fusion DNA Polymerase (Agilent Technologies, buy ABT-263 Karlsruhe, Germany) and the following temperature program: 95 °C for 3 min, followed AZD2014 by 30 cycles at 95 °C for 0.5 min, 58 °C for 0.5 min and 72 °C for 4 min, followed by a final step at 72 °C for 7 min. Crude protein extracts were prepared by disrupting the cells with glass beads. One volume of extract was used for in vitro testing with three volumes of assay buffer (100 mM Tris, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 50 μM substrate 3H-GGPP, Foretinib ic50 3H-FPP or

14C-IPP (+DMAPP), total volume 500 μL). Biotransformation reactions were incubated at 30 °C, overnight. After the addition of 500 μL saturated NaCl the reactions were extracted twice with the same volume of ethyl acetate. The extracts were concentrated in a nitrogen stream and analyzed by radio-TLC on silica plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), which were developed with 9:1 cyclohexane:ethyl acetate or 3:1 pentane:diethyl ether. Products were detected using a radio-TLC Scanner RITA Star (Raytest, Straubenhardt, Fludarabine supplier Germany). Phage insert, ITS and whole genome sequencing Phage inserts

were sequenced using the Sanger method (Functional & Applied Genomics Group, Fraunhofer IME, Aachen, Germany) or shotgun sequencing (Eurofins MWG Operon, Ebersberg, Germany). ITS sequences were determined by Sanger sequencing (Functional & Applied Genomics Group, Fraunhofer IME). The EF0021 genome was sequenced using 454 technology by Seq-It GmbH, Kaiserslautern. The Taxomyces andreanae genome was sequenced by paired-end library sequencing (imagenes GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Each supplier also assembled the sequences they generated. Sequence analysis Sequences were analyzed using CLC Combined Workbench v3.6.1, Lasergene 7 Package, NCBI Blast and CloneManager Professional Suite 8. FGENESH was use for ORF and protein prediction (http://​linux1.​softberry.​com/​). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using CLC Combined Workbench v3.6.1 with the protein sequences listed in Supplementary Data S3 and Table S4.