The authors interpreted this pattern as evidence that pre-selective perceptual processing of the target was facilitated in repeat trials, in line with the dimension weighting account of Müller and colleagues (e.g. Found and Müller, 1996). Support for a perceptual locus in priming has also come from Olivers and Hickey (2010), which have shown that the lateral P1 component of the visual ERP–reflecting early perceptual processing contralateral to a color-singleton target–is speeded in color-repeat trials.

In addition to adding to this developing literature, the current study confirms the idea that attentional capture can be driven by feature priming. Existing behavioral work has suggested that the costs associated with a salient distractor stem primarily from swap trials, where the features that characterize a salient distractor have recently mTOR inhibitor characterized the target, and that this is caused by increased likelihood of capture in these trials (e.g. Pinto et al., 2005 and Becker, 2007, but see Lamy and Yashar, 2008). Consistent with this, when the target was presented on the vertical meridian of the search display in the current study, and thus could not have a lateralized impact on the ERP, the distractor elicited a clear N2pc in swap trials that was absent in no-swap trials GSK2118436 cost (cf. Fig. 4a and b). These

results suggest that target processing causes a reinforcement of target features and devaluation of distractor features, resulting in a bias of attention towards objects with features that have characterized the target in earlier experience. When these features came to characterize a distractor in swap trials, this drives the misallocation of attention to the distractor location (see also Hickey et al., 2010b). Support for this notion is further provided by results

from the lateral-distractor, contralateral-target condition (cf Fig. 1 and Fig. 4). A clear target-elicited N2pc is apparent in the no-swap condition (Fig. 1b) but is absent in the swap condition (Fig. 4c), where a late distractor-elicited N2pc becomes evident. The reduction or Idelalisib in vivo elimination of the target-elicited effect is consistent with the idea that the deployment of attention to the target is disrupted by the swap in stimuli color, and the distractor-elicited N2pc suggests the deployment of attention to the distractor location. This distractor-elicited N2pc is, however, substantially delayed relative to both the target-elicited N2pc (Fig. 1b) and the distractor-elicited N2pc observed in the vertical-target, lateral-distractor condition (Fig. 4b). This is an unexpected and frankly puzzling result. One possibility is that the early portion of this component has been lost in the signal averaging process. According to this idea, attention may have often been captured to the distractor in this swap condition, but in a subset of trials it was deployed directly to the target.