Statistical Analysis Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each biochemical variable for both conditions using the trapezoidal method (AUCG) as described Opaganib in detail by Pruessner et al. [18].

Statistical comparisons for biochemical (AUCG) and metabolic data were made between conditions using t-tests. Biochemical data, in addition to heart rate and blood pressure data, were also compared using a 2 (condition) × 4 (time) analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s post hoc tests were used where appropriate. All analyses were performed using JMP statistical software (version 4.0.3, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. The data are presented as mean ± SEM, except for subject descriptive characteristics (mean ± SD). Results All subjects successfully completed all aspects of the study. AUC was greater for the dietary supplement compared to the placebo for NE (Figure 2B; p = 0.03), glycerol (Figure 3A; p < 0.0001), and FFA (Figure 3B; p = 0.0003). No difference was noted between conditions for EPI (Figure 2A; p > 0.05). For all variables, values were highest at 90 minutes post ingestion. When performing the 2 × 4 ANOVA for biochemical variables, a condition main effect was noted for NE (p < 0.0001), with no time effect (p = 0.13) or interaction

noted (p = 0.25). A condition main effect was noted for EPI (p = 0.04), with no time effect (p = 0.09) or interaction noted (p = 0.36). An

selleck compound interaction was noted for glycerol (p = 0.0006), with values higher for supplement compared to placebo at 30, 60, and 90 minutes post ingestion Thymidylate synthase (p < 0.05), and higher for supplement at all times post ingestion compared to pre ingestion (p < 0.05). A condition main effect was noted for FFA (p = 0.0003), with no time effect (p = 0.08) or interaction noted (p = 0.32). Total kilocalorie expenditure during the 30 minute collection period was 29.6% greater (p = 0.02) for the dietary supplement compared to placebo (Figure 4A). No difference was noted between conditions for respiratory exchange ratio (Figure 4B; p > 0.05). A condition main effect was noted for systolic blood pressure (p = 0.04), with values increasing from 117 ± 2 mmHg to 123 ± 2 mmHg with the dietary supplement, while remaining unchanged for placebo. No other hemodynamic changes were noted (p > 0.05). Hemodynamic data are presented in Table 2. Figure 2 Plasma epinephrine (A) and norepinephrine (B) data for 10 men consuming Meltdown ® and placebo in a randomized cross-over design. Data are mean ± SEM. * Greater norepinephrine AUC for Meltdown® compared to placebo (p = 0.03). Figure 3 Plasma glycerol (A) and free fatty acid (B) data for 10 men consuming Meltdown ® and placebo in a randomized cross-over design. Data are mean ± SEM. * Greater glycerol (p < 0.0001) and FFA (p = 0.0003) AUC for Meltdown® compared to placebo.