Results:
In patients, V(root) was 6.4% +/- 4.8% of the intraaortic balloon volume during 1:1 assistance and 10.0% +/- 5.0% during 1:2 assistance. In vitro and with an artificial heart simulating the native heart, V(cor) was smaller, 3.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The distribution of V(tip) in vitro varied, with less volume displaced toward the arch and coronary branches and more volume stored in the compliant aortic wall when the artificial heart was not operating.
Conclusion: The blood volume displaced toward the coronary circulation as the result of intraaortic balloon inflation is a small percentage of the nominal intraaortic balloon volume. Although small, this percentage is still a significant fraction of baseline coronary flow. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:110-6)”
“The aim of this research was to prepare a multifunctional system of technetium-99m-labelled Selleck Wortmannin gold nanoparticles conjugated to HYNIC-GGC/mannose and to evaluate its biological behaviour as a potential radiopharmaceutical
for sentinel lymph node detection (SLND).
Methods: Hydrazinonicotinamide-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2 (HYNIC-GGC) peptide and a thiol-triazole-mannose derivative were synthesized, characterized and conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNP, 20 nm) to prepare a multifunctional system of HYNIC-GGC-AuNP-mannose by means of spontaneous MDV3100 clinical trial reaction of the thiol (Cys) present in HYNIC-GGC sequence and in the thiol-mannose derivative. The nanoconjugate was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR, UV-Vis, Raman, fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Technetium-99m labelling was carried out using EDDA/tricine as coligands and SnCl2 as reducing agent with further size-exclusion chromatography
purification. Radiochemical purity was determined by size-exclusion HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. In vitro binding studies were carried out in rat liver homogenized tissue (mannose-receptor positive tissue). Biodistribution studies were accomplished in Wistar rats and images obtained using Elafibranor a micro-SPECT/CT system.
Results: TEM and spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that AuNPs were functionalized with HYNIC-GGC-NH2 and thiol-mannose through interactions with thiol groups and the N-terminal amine of cysteine. Radio-chromatograms showed radiochemical purity higher than 95%. Tc-99m-EDDA/HYNIC-GGC-AuNP-mannose (Tc-99m-AuNP-mannose) showed specific recognition for mannose receptors in rat liver tissue. After subcutaneous administration of Tc-99m-AuNP-mannose in rats (footpad), radioactivity levels in the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes revealed that 99% of the activity was extracted by the first lymph node (popliteal extraction). Biodistribution studies and in vivo micro-SPECT/CT images in Wistar rats showed an evident lymph node uptake (11.58 +/- 1.98 %ID at 1 h) which was retained during 24 h with minimal kidney accumulation (0.98 +/- 0.10 %ID) and negligible uptake in all other tissues.