Results from these case studies suggest that spatially variable patterns of snow or summer precipitation
associated with regional climate change across NE Asia will have significant impacts on watershed biogeochemical processes and surface water quality, in interactions with local topography, land use change, or acid deposition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Surgical site infections (SSIs) are frequent complications in colorectal surgery and may lead to burst abdomen, incisional hernia, and increased perioperative costs. Plastic wound ring drapes (RD) were introduced some decades ago to protect the abdominal wound from bacteria and reduce SSIs. There have been no controlled trials examining the benefit of RD in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The Reduction of wound infections in laparoscopic selleck inhibitor assisted colorectal resections
by plastic wound ring 3-deazaneplanocin A in vitro drapes (REDWIL) trial was thus designed to assess their effectiveness in preventing SSIs after elective laparoscopic colorectal resections.
REDWIL is a randomized controlled monocenter trial with two parallel groups (experimental group with RD and control group without RD). Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection were included. The primary endpoint was SSIs. Secondary outcomes were colonization of the abdominal wall with bacteria, reoperations/readmissions, early/late postoperative complications, and cost of hospital stay. The duration of follow-up was 6 months.
Between January 2008 and October 2010, 109 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group (with or without RD). Forty-six patients in the RD group and 47 patients in the control group completed follow-up. SSIs developed in ten patients with RD (21.7 %) and six patients without RD (12.8 %) (p = 0.28). An intraoperative swab taken from the abdominal wall was positive in 66.7 % of patients with RD and 57.5 % without RD (p = 0.46). The number of species cultured within one swab was significantly higher in those without RD (p = 0.03).
The median total inpatient costs including emergency readmissions were 3,402 +/- 4,038 a,not sign in the buy Vorinostat RD group and 3,563 +/- 1,735 a,not sign in the control group (p = 0.869).
RD do not reduce the rate of SSIs in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The inpatient costs are similar with and without RD.”
“Microcystins (MICs) are potent toxins produced worldwide by cyanobacteria during bloom events. Phosphatases inhibition is a well recognized effect of this kind of toxins as well as oxidative stress. However, it is not fully understood why and how MICs exposure can lead to an excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that culminate in oxidative damage. Some evidences suggest a close connection between cellular hyperphosphorylation state and oxidative stress generation induced by MICs exposure.