Posaconazole also has some activity against the agents of mucormycosis.

However, overall outcome Selleck GSK126 of mucormycosis remains poor despite the availability of these agents. In the absence of a major conceptual breakthrough of therapeutic intervention, early diagnosis will likely have the greatest impact in improving survival and outcome. The most effective means by which to improve early diagnosis followed by prompt initiation of antifungal therapy is through (i) early clinical recognition and (ii) development of advanced laboratory diagnostic tools.[7] Early diagnosis and rapid initiation of antifungal therapy is a cornerstone of successful treatment of invasive fungal infections. Early treatment of invasive mucormycosis may attenuate angioinvasion and prevent direct tissue injury of the respiratory tract. Early intervention may prevent direct extension from lung into great vessels and reduce the probability of dissemination. Early initiation of antifungal therapy also may reduce the need or extent of debilitating and disfiguring surgical resection. Early diagnosis and initiation of antifungal therapy ultimately improves outcome and survival. Underscoring this key principle of the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of antifungal therapy, Chamilos BGJ398 datasheet et al. [8] demonstrated that early initiation

of AmB in patients with mucormycosis and haematological malignancies improved survival by nearly 70%. In studying the impact of delaying effective AmB-based therapy on outcome among 70 consecutive patients with haematologic malignancy who had mucormycosis at the MD Anderson Cancer Center

during the period 1989–2006, Chamilos et al. used classification and regression tree analysis to identify the mortality breakpoint between early and delayed treatment. They found that delaying AmB-based therapy by initiating treatment ≥6 days after diagnosis resulted in a twofold increase in mortality rate at 12 weeks after diagnosis, compared with early treatment (82.9% vs. 48.6%). This benefit remained constant across the years of the study and was an independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–38.2; P = 0.008) in multivariate analysis. The new ZWG2 protocol will build upon the well-established Adenosine registration format that is successfully utilised in the first study but will modify the database to include more greatly detailed information to address the new study objectives.[6] Formulation and implementation of these objectives will position ZWG2 to be the definitive, leading edge, international, prospective, observational study of mucormycosis that will provide key advances: (i) most advanced known registry for studying mucormycosis; (ii) predictive risk-based bedside model; and (iii) development of rapid diagnostic assays through a critical central archive of human specimens. The registry builds upon the existing database of the ECMM/ISHAM Working Group.