Karila Helge Kasch Alice Kongsted Chia-Hua Kuo Brian C. Lau Kevin Laudner Kelly Laurson Lasse Lempainen Selleckchem Target Selective Inhibitor Library Heather C. Lench Jung-Charng Lin Shelly Linens Marc Lochbaum Inês Marques-Aleixo C. Mikael Mattsson Patrick McKeon Alison M. McManus William P. Meehan, III Goncalo Mendonca Christopher Mesagno Susumu Minamisawa Fiona J. Moola Christian Müller Tim Noakes Byeongsang Oh Fran Ortin A. Papaioannou S.M. Paranjape Brian Parr Oliver Pieske Danny Pincivero E.B.S. Ramanathan Sue Reeves Guus Reurink Joyce M. Richey Daniel Rodriguez Dieter Rosenbaum Leonard Rosenthall Hiroyuki Sasai Levy T. Shamah Ellen

Shanley Monique Simons Andrew J. Skalsky Raymond So Britt-Marie Stalnacke Nicholas Stanger Nicholas Stergiou Jason L. Talanian D. Thivel Keith Tolfrey Kumika Toma Philip Tomporowski Tom Tong E.G. Trapp Hans Tropp Evert Verhagen Arianne P. Verhagen Kirsten T. Verkooijen Judy Van Raalte H. Vernon Helen Walker Tristan Wallhead Chong-Wen Wang Henry Wang Yong Tai Wang Richard Weiler K.R. Westerterp Emma Wilmot Lei-Ting Xu Nobuo Yamaguchi Jin-Hong Yan Tongjian You Shuilian Yu Bohdanna

T. Zazulak Shi Zhou Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV “
“The cerebral cortex is the most recently evolved brain region in vertebrates and supports sophisticated sensory, motor, and cognitive functions in mammals. Despite its large size and functional diversification, the neocortex may have arisen from the duplication of stereotyped local circuits with subtle specializations in different cortical areas and Ergoloid species (Rakic, selleck products 2009). A major obstacle to understanding neural circuits in the cerebral cortex is the daunting diversity and heterogeneity of inhibitory interneurons (Markram et al., 2004). Compared with the more abundant glutamatergic projection neurons, GABAergic interneurons constitute only approximately 20% of cortical neurons, yet these interneurons are crucial in regulating the balance, flexibility, and functional architecture of cortical circuits (Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008 and Markram et al., 2004). GABAergic interneurons consist of a rich array

of cell types with distinct physiological properties, connectivity patterns, and gene expression profiles. Their diverse intrinsic, synaptic, and dynamic properties allow interneurons to generate a rich repertoire of inhibitory outputs (Jonas et al., 2004). Their distinct connectivity patterns ensure differential recruitment by appropriate inputs as well as strategic distribution of their outputs to stereotyped locations (e.g., specific cellular and subcellular targets) in cortical network (Buzsáki et al., 2004 and Somogyi et al., 1998). GABAergic interneurons also play key roles in various forms of network oscillations that provide spatial-temporal frameworks to dynamically organize functional neural ensembles (Bartos et al., 2007, Buzsáki, 2001 and Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008).