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“Spironolactone (SPR), a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, diminishes hyperglycemia-induced reduction in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, improving oxidative stress damage. This study investigated whether SPR ameliorates nephropathy by increasing G6PD activity and reducing oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive diabetic rats (SHRs).
The DMH1 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received or not SPR 50 mg/kg per day, for eight weeks. A human mesangial cell line was cultured in normal or high glucose conditions, with or without SPR, for 24 h. Plasma glucose levels and systolic blood pressure were unaltered by diabetes or by SPR treatment. Albuminuria, fibronectin expression, 8-OHdG urinary levels, lipid peroxidation and p47phox expression were higher in the diabetic rats compared with the control and were reduced by SPR. The antioxidant GSH/GSSG ratio was reduced in the diabetic rats and the treatment reestablished it. Diabetes-induced
SGK1 up-regulation was inhibited by SPR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide production induced by NADPH oxidase were increased by hyperglycemia and high glucose, in vivo and in vitro, respectively, and were reduced with SPR. Hyperglycemia and high glucose decreased G6PD activity, which was restored with SPR. These results suggest that SPR ameliorates nephropathy in diabetic SHRs by restoring G6PD activity and diminishes oxidative stress without affecting glycaemia and blood pressure.”
“Narrow band CE-chirps (R) were
developed HSP990 to provide a better synchronization of neural response due to the compensation of the traveling wave delay in the basilar membrane. These stimuli combined with a detection method that includes higher response harmonics on the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) recording was studied in this research.
Objective: (1) To establish air conduction thresholds for ASSR to narrow band CE-chirp (R) in normal hearing full-term neonates; (2) describe the test time needed for the above in one ear and (3) to compare the results in infants and normally hearing adults.
Method: ASSR to air-conducted stimuli were obtained in 30 full-term neonates (14 girls and 16 boys) with an average selleck chemicals age of 343 h of life. All neonates were presented presence of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and result “”pass”" in automatic ABR at 35 dB nHL before ASSR test. ASSR thresholds of both ears of 10 normal hearing adults (5 girls and 5 boys) varied in age between 23 and 30 years and with hearing thresholds better than or equal to 15 dB HL at all frequencies between 250 and 8000 Hz were recorded to compare with the neonate data.
Results: The neonate ASSR thresholds estimated from 50% using cumulative distributions were 24.5, 13.5, 7.5 and 10 dB nHL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively.